Motivating

Success

• Success is clearly defined, with a manageable goal orientation

• Provide opportunities to acquire and acknowledge new knowledge, skills, and/or abilities

• Provide productive experiences guided towards mastery

• Enable active experimentation and discovery

• Provide a variety of ways to demonstrate mastery

• Praise and reward practice, effort, strategy, process, focus, improvement, and perseverance as well as mastery

• Balance difficulty and challenge to avoid boredom and frustration

  • Reward problem-solving with harder problems

• Provide fair evaluations of student performance

• Allow students to recover from failure

  • Provide rapid feedback cycles with low stakes

• Highlight and celebrate success

  • Rewards as informational feedback

  • Avoid unrelated external rewards or punishments as a means to promote motivation or control behavior

• Show progress: where student has been, is, and will be going

• Feed Forward - Phrase feedback in terms of how to improve future performance

Autonomy

• Provide meaningful choices in movement, sequence, goals, pace, and strategy in activities and tasks

• Personalization - Give students the opportunity to modify aspects of the course to reflect their personality

  • UI

  • Avatar

  • Alias

• Allow students to define, create, modify, and share the game, content, and its rules

Relevance

• Provide meaningful content and experiences

  • Future utility is clear

  • Aligned to students’ goals and values

  • Meaningful context/narrative

  • Emotional connection

• Provide for social connection

  • Social cognition

  • Collaboration

  • Competition

  • Comparison/Contrast

  • Companionship

  • Facilitate human-human interaction

  • Represent human social bonds

  • Facilitate one’s desire to influence others and to be influenced by others

  • Add peer voting to activities like online discussions and forums